Operating systems are used everywhere. From personal home computers to workstations, to office PCs, they are always in use. Are you in IT, an accountant, or someone interested in learning more about computers? Knowing how operating systems relate to one another and what they do could help you. Operating systems can improve your work speed and increase productivity by automating tasks. But one thing to keep in mind is that the use of OS’s is not restricted to personal computers. Networks and batch filing processes make use of operating systems.
Here are the three different types of operating systems that tech users and computer enthusiasts may encounter.
Batch processing operating systems: These are used for executing repetitive tasks or chunks of work using automation. An automated punch card is a good example of this. You simply program the task, and the computer will execute it. In this instance, the computer can be defined as any device that does computations or process. Don’t restrict your thinking to only personal computers. Batch processing operating systems do not have much user interaction. They are maintained by programmers. They work like programs, solving tasks by means of automated algorithms.
Time sharing operating systems: Time-sharing operating systems usually involve multiple users utilizing the same OS. This cuts down on response times by carrying out tasks immediately. Think of it as sharing time with others and dividing up the work in the OS for others to view. You can work with your friends on the same task with time-sharing operating systems and keep track of progress. It’s like peer programming, and similar to collaborative working. The difference between time sharing OS and batch processing OS is that the processor is used more in batch processing. This is because you add piles of work, thus more processing power needed to get it done in a time-effective manner. Timesharing OS uses minimal processing power, thereby maximizing response time.
Think of it this way – the computer needs more time to respond to the user when you use its resources heavily since there’s a lag or overload. However, if the resources are used minimally, then the computer can respond to the user much quicker without being overloaded with tasks. This is the key difference between time sharing OS and batch processing OS.
Network operating systems: If you work in a startup or a company, chances are – you already know a bit about network operating systems. These allow you to share files over Wi-Fi and access work files over the network. Network operating systems run mostly with the help of a server, which allows admins to manage users, data, groups, security, apps, and much more. Examples of this include Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Mac OS X, Linux, and BSD. That’s where it starts to get complicated, but for most non-technical people, that’s all you need to know.
Hacking usually involves system infiltration and stealing data by means of unauthorized access. Ethical hacking is a means to counter hackers, by filling any loopholes in the back doors of computer systems. Ethical hacking is a great way to counterattack illegal hackers.
Have you ever wanted to learn ethical hacking, and needed an OS to get started? You’ll be happy to know most hackers use open source operating systems for their programming experiments.
Open source operating systems are free, contain the developer and debugging tools, and in general are perfect for the budding multi-programmer and hacker.
Here are the top three operating systems ideal for ethical hacking aspirants.
Kali Linux: Kali Linux comes packed with 600 penetration testing programs and is based on the Linux distribution package known as Debian. The OS is specially designed for digital forensics and penetration testing. It can be installed on a hard drive, and live USB/CD. it can even operate as a virtual machine using virtualization software. Kali supports the use of various developmental bones like Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone, Odroid, CuBox and much more. Kali Linux offers tools for password attacks, exploitation, and vulnerability testing. It can help users access the target machine for running back door tests in the operating system.
BackBox: BackBox is aimed at ethical hackers and penetration testers wanting to test out security assessments. It is based on one of the Linux distribution packages and is open-source. You can use BackBox if you’re looking for a fast, efficient, and easily operable OS which comes with a minimalist user interface. The BackBox comes packed with 70 testing programs for web analysis. These include snuffing, stress testing, network analysis, vulnerability assessments, penetration testing, forensics, and exploitation. You can use BackBox if you need an OS which supports Cloud-based penetration testing. Or, it is ideal when you need regular automated configuration backups, and need an OS which supports old configuration systems.
Parrot Security Operating System: Parrot Security is based on the Debian GNU/Linux distribution package which is combined with Frozenbox OS and Kali Linux. This OS provides users with the real world of penetration testing and security assessments in real world environments. This makes it the perfect OS for the budding ethical hacker.
The Frozenbox OS integrated into the Parrot Security OS makes it useful for carrying out security assessments, anonymous web browsing, vulnerability assessment and mitigation processes. It makes use of the Kali Linux repositories and the MATE desktop environment. It does this by using the LightDM display manager, which uses an easy to use GUI and a decent lightweight environment in the OS. You can use this OS for running cyber forensics tests and for ethical hacking. The most notable feature about the Parrot Security OS is that it’s easily customizable and features a strong community support. This is different from other open source distribution packages.
Modern day operating systems bring a host of benefits to everyday life. From the generation where computers didn’t exist and complex computations seemed far away in the future, modern operating systems became the leading technological innovation and closed the employment gap.
Nowadays, anyone with a modern OS can do meaningful work on the computer and it has become an extension of every individual. If you’ve always wondered about what a modern OS meant to the world and you in general, keep reading.
Here are the four amazing benefits of using a modern operating system.
Improved work productivity: With word processing applications, automated payroll calculations, and the advent of Microsoft Excel, modern operating systems play a huge role in the finance and business sectors. Business is booming in corporate sectors, and in general, users can multitask with modern OS. The future of cloud computing, file sharing, and virtualization have become a reality. This is thanks to the innovative thinkers behind this original creation. Improved work productivity also entails the use of spreadsheets, and sending emails quickly. No longer do users need to face the experience of server lag and can send emails instantly at the click of a button.
Enhanced creativity: You can change the way your desktop looks these days. You get tons of skins, customizable colors, and in general, a creative palette to stimulate your imagination. Modern day operating systems also make it easier for artists, singers, songwriters, engineers, and other professionals to make a living. Since PCs now come equipped with relevant open source software and development tools for programmers and artists alike.
You can build games in an OS, code like a pro, and even make cool design projects whenever you want. Additionally, you can change the theme of your desktop, orientation, customize the entire desktop view with apps. You can add cool features like RocketDock and time management systems.
Increased security: Modern day operating systems include features such as data encryption, data hardening, kernel patch protection, Windows Bitdefender, antivirus protection, and security management tools. This helps to ensure a safer user experience. You can shop online through HTTPS websites and SSL-encrypted portals to make sure your credit card info is safe. The increased security also helps in preventing file leaks to third parties. These days it is much more difficult for hackers to obtain info.
Quicker boot times: Probably the biggest advantage of a modern day OS is lesser boot times compared to previous versions of OS. This can speed up work productivity and the modern day OS even features faster response times making processing tasks much quicker. This helps reduce help desk costs accounting for 40% lesser downtime than older operating systems. This also equates to quicker response times which lessens system crashes and lets you save work a lot more easily.
Linus Torvalds, the creator of the Linux operating system, changed the world and the wheel of software engineering. He first released Linux in 1991, and now it has become one of the most used operating systems in the world. You may have used Windows or you may have been a die-hard Mac fan all your life, but maybe you wondered about what Linux operating systems offered which Windows and Mac don’t. If you’re curious and you’re still reading this, here are the top 4 benefits of the Linux operating system.
It’s open source: Put simply, Linux is open source. What this means to the general layman is that the code used for making the OS is publicly available for free on the internet. This means you can download the code, modify it, control it, and rewrite it to create your own version of OS. This makes it unique and fun for programmers and developers. Its level of intense customization at the core level is unlike Windows and Mac.
It has a secure operating platform: Ever wondered why no anti-virus programs come with Linux, unlike Windows and Mac? That’s because Linux is made to be secure and its entire architecture is based on that. If you ever wanted an OS that is light, flexible, reliable and is designed to be secure with its inbuilt features, Linux is it. That’s also another reason there are few breaches of security in the Linux OS compared to other operating systems.
It provides for easy installations: Linux is very adaptable. Whether it’s downloading a specific software or program from the Linux OS software center or installing the OS in general, Linux is easy to use for installation purposes. Its software center lets you browse through various programs which you can simply click and install. On top of that, you can customize the Linux desktop environments. You can put a spin to them by customizing the programs and apps, making them geared for specific uses like Ubuntu. Linux is also lightweight and efficiently uses hardware resources.
It offers different desktop environments: Every desktop environment in the Linux OS sports a different feel. Each environment comes with a varied set of features and serves a unique purpose for all users. Examples of multiple desktop environments in the Linux distribution packages include Ubuntu, KDE, Mate, Cinnamon, Budgie, and Enlightenment. Linux desktops pride themselves on being lightweight, running efficiently on hardware resources. They can even make new hardware perform better and faster, unlike other operating systems. Some desktops are massive in terms of their features, offering hyper productive environments for high-end developers, programmers, and users.
Caution tapes or warning tapes are used to caution passersby about an area that is possibly dangerous or a threat to life. Hence, undoubtedly, these tapes work as lifesavers in various situations, which may otherwise be catastrophic. Crafted with highly resilient and tear-proof materials, a custom caution tape can be used to block the following places.
A garage can be the epicenter of various hazardous situations, as vehicles continuously move in and out, carrying water, dust, and debris with them. Putting a strip of custom caution tape may assist caution people in stepping carefully in the garages as otherwise, they may slip or hurt themselves.
To sum up, a custom caution tape is primarily designed to ensure the safety of the people by restricting dangerous areas. These tapes are easily available and can be installed in any place that you feel is not safe for someone and broadcast the dangers of the specific site.
When it comes to shoes, style matters as it completes your outfit, but so does comfort. Thus, you should ensure you purchase the right shoes suitable for your feet. One of the best ways to take additional care if you have broad feet is by wearing extra wide shoes.
Nowadays, various brands have come up with extra wide shoes meant for men, but it could be time-consuming to search for the best brands that offer the best fit shoes within your budget. So, for your convenience, here is a brief about the top brands that manufacture extra wide men’s shoes which could be of help to steer your research in the right direction to make an informed decision.
New Balance
If you wish to maintain your fitness goals in comfort, then you may rely on New Balance. This brand will provide you with various extra wide men’s shoes, each with exceptional features, different colors, all of it at an affordable price range. Some of them have padded collar and tongue whereas others may be lightly cushioned. Other features include durable rubber outsole, lightly cushioned footbed, perforated and smooth leather upper, flexible QUIX technology for improving traction, molded foam insole, etc. The price ranges from $64.95 to $95.00.
Deer Stags
This is another brand which has proved its efficiency in offering top-notch quality extra wide shoes for men. Men who are looking forward to a pair of extra wide shoes which will help in enjoying their leisure time with ease and to the fullest may look to this brand. Though the shoes of Deer Stags are extra wide yet they are light in weight with exciting features too. The sole is made up of thermoplastic rubber along with compression nodules meant for absorbing shock. Another unique feature that provides warmth to the feet is the soft microsuede upper and a lining of faux fur. The shoes are priced at around $40.00.
INOV
Another outstanding brand that serves this purpose is INOV. People who have a practice of running for long distances and that too in scorching hot weather may try the extra wide men’s shoes of this brand. You will receive lightweight cushioning along with the flexible response and lace-up closure. For providing a superb in- shoe feeling, INOV offers breathable fabric lining, and the power flow midsole helps in shock absorption. Though the extra wide shoes of this brand possess many other features, the one which requires an appreciative mention is that the outsole has multi-directional stud pattern which provides maximum grip, extra wide fit, and comfort. These shoes are priced at around $120.00.
Nunn Bush
If you always wish to be the center of attraction and also crave for gaining positive compliments for your outer appearance and style sense, then you may want to take a look at the extra wide men’s shoes of this brand. You can forget painful rubbing as well as abrasion associated with some shoes as these shoes offer smooth interior lining and the dual density midsole of Kore technology will provide comfort throughout the day. The rubber outsole is slip- resistant and comes with a comfort gel foot bed. All such features make the shoes flexible and durable for an extended period. You can get them at the cost of $85.00.
This is just a sneak peek into the world of extra wide shoes for men as numerous brands are offering innumerable variants out there in the market. And with little patience, you will be able to choose the right one by comparing the features, pricing and customer reviews online easily. Remember to be stylish in comfort!
It was in the 1960s-1970s that modern orthopedics took birth, especially after the contributions of Hugh Owen Thomas. Finally, intramedullary fixations were being done without opening up the fracture. This technology was popularized by the Harborview Medical Center in the Seattle group in the late 1970s.
Modern hip and joint replacement
The next big step in the evolution of orthopedics was joints and hip replacement which took place in the year 1960 by Sir John Charnley, an expert in tribology at Wrightington Hospital in England. He was the one who pioneered this procedure by conceiving that joint surfaces could be replaced with inserts made of inert high quality acrylic plastics. These implants were stuck to the bone surfaces with appropriate cements. His design for the hip joint consisted of a stainless-steel ball on a long stem to be inserted into the femur and an acrylic acetabular implant stuck to the acetabulum.
This prosthesis design was so successful that this and its derivatives were used popularly for over two decades, and the procedure was such a celebrated success that it became the model for all later joint replacements. This procedure found continual improvement both in design and procedure with many making significant contributions.
Exeter hip replacement system evolved in the same period. In this method, the stem of the ball had slightly different geometry. A father son duo, Dr. R.I. Harris and W.H. Harris at Harvard, developed and popularized uncemented arthroplasty or joint replacement. The implants were bonded to the bones directly.
Knee replacement
The next development was the knee replacement. Dr. McIntosh used the same techniques to replace the knee joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Later, Doctors Gunston and Marmor in the 1970s started to replace the knee joint for osteoarthritis patients using a joint design developed by Dr. John Instal in New York using a fixed bearing. This evidently had limitation on the range of movement of the joint. This was overcome by using a mobile bearing system by Doctors Frederick Buechel and Michael Pappas.
Fractures
The next great innovation originated in Germany when Dr. Gerhard Kuntscher introduced the intramedullary rods to fix fractures of femur and tibia in the 1960s. This quickened the recovery of these fractures considerably. Again, it took World War II to push this innovation to the world stage. Traction, however, continued as the standard treatment for these were not used till the 1970s.
In the last 30-40 odd years, modern orthopedic research has sought to make orthopedic surgeries less invasive and to make the components implanted in the body durable and better.